Before any radiological work is allowed, it must be thoroughly planned and reviewed. Authorizations that describe the work, hazards, controls, and evaluations are formally implemented to ensure that all work is performed safely. Each individual's roles and responsibilities are specifically assigned during this process.

The two basic types of radiation safety controls that are used at National Labs are engineered and administrative. Engineered controls, such as shielding, ventilation, alarms, warning signals, and material containment, are the primary means of control. Administrative controls such as signs, procedures, dosimetry, and training, supplement the engineered controls.

All work is planned with the intention of keeping exposures ALARA. In particular, the following techniques are used by all radiological workers:

• Minimize the time you are exposed to radiation sources.
• Maximize your distance from radiation sources. The radiation level decreases significantly as you move away from the source.
• Employ appropriate shielding between you and the radiation source. For some sources, a plastic barrier is appropriate; for others, a lead shield is used.