Well, maybe it's been said before, but I'm sure when I initially asked questions, people took the time to answer them, though they were answered elsewhere onsite.
So,
1. Unless your mother lives in proximity to Charleston, Norfolk, San Diego, Groton or Bremerton, (or Hawaii or Guam) you're going to be a distance from her. Upside is, when you're in port, you do get those 30 days of leave to go visit her. Not too many jobs in the civilian sector give you 30 days of leave when starting out. While in schooling, your leave will be at specified times... Between schools, mostly. If you mom has a crises, and you want to go help, and you are in the middle of NPS, there is a good chance that she'll have to deal with it on her own. So far as staying in contact with her, surface is definitely better. They now have e-mail for all, and if you're willing to buy a phone card for a buck a minute (Probably less nowadays) you can talk to her from almost anywhere in the world. Sea time is up to the luck of the draw. I did 2 deployments in 3 years on my first ship, and countless at-sea workup days. Other guys from my NPS class went to a ship going into the yards, and never saw a day at sea in their 4 year tours. Unless you get picked up staff for a proto-type tour, you wont be doing shore duty in a 6 year hitch. And proto-type is arduous. NPS/NFAS is much more like a time to get to know your family and do the whole dad/husband thing. Proto-type less so. Those are your choices for shore duty. If you do a full 5 year tour at sea, or maybe 4, you might be able to go recruiting, or go to a SIMA. (Don't get dancing hula girls on your arms, or recruiting will not be an option). I would have to opinion that the benefits of doing 6 as a navy nuke will make your mom proud, and certainly not waste her efforts on you.
2. Well the first 2 years will probably tell. Imagine you headed off to college for 2 years, and could come home and visit her from time to time. Would the relationship last? See answer 1, and substitute the word girlfriend for mom.
3. Not in the nuke world. At least, not in the surface nuke world. Black, Korean, or gay...My experience was don't throw your personal agenda/racial views into other peoples face or space, do your job, and pull your share of the load, and they pretty much don't care what age/sex/religion/color you are. But if you're a slacker/bagger, you could be a poster for the great american boy next door, and people will still rip you when the chance is there. We had some supremacist types on my last ship. Most never brought it to work. One, however, wasn't to bright, and showed up on the news marching around with his arm in a hitler salute... Not a wise career move.
4. Navy nukes are mostly a great bunch of guys, who survive difficult times by whining a lot in creative ways, and making a joke about almost anything. (Nothing is sacred) When the work is accepted by them, they will be smart and innovative and dedicated. If they think the job is just more BS work, they'll spend ten times more effort in avoiding the job then the effort it would have taken to do it in the first place. They are patriotic, but overall dislike the navy while they are in, yet remember it fondly after they are out. They hold most non-nukes in contempt, besides those they know personally. If they didn't have a good work ethic going into the service, A school and NPS and Prototype, along with seas duty, gives them one. You get the confidence and ability to match your intelligence, and that's a great combination.
That's about all I have to say about that.
Good luck with your decision.
Bill