Originally the field was called Radiation Protection, then in 1942 Health Physics was added as another title for the same thing. Power Plants use one or the other, and DOE (Goverment) sites use "Radiological Control". See the birth of Health Physics term below:
The First Fifty Years of Radiation Protection
by Ronald L. Kathern and Paul L. Ziemer
http://www.umich.edu/~radinfo/introduction/50yrs.htmIt was the Manhattan District of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that the name "health physics" was born. The leaders of the Manhattan District, in the summer of 1942, asked Ernest O. Wollan, a cosmic ray physicist at the University of Chicago, to form a group to study and control radiation hazards. Thus, Wollan was the first to bear the title of health physicist. He was soon joined by Carl G. Gamertsfelder, recently graduated physics baccalaureate, and Herbert M. Parker, the noted British-American medical physicist. By mid 1943, six others had been added: Karl Z. Morgan, James C. Hart, Robert R. Coveyou, O.G. Landsverk, L.A. Pardue and John E. Rose.
Within the Manhattan District, the name "health physicist" seems to have been derived in part from the need for secrecy (and hence a code name for radiation protection activities) and the fact that there was a group of mostly physicists working on health related problems. Thus, their activities included development of appropriate monitoring instruments, developing physical controls, administrative procedures, monitoring areas and personnel, radioactive waste disposal-- in short, the entire spectrum of modern day radiation protection problems. It was in the Manhattan District that many of the modern concepts of protection were born, including the rem unit, which took into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, and the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for inhaled radioactivity. In deed, it was in the Manhattan District that modern day radiation protection effects, born in the early days of x-ray and radium, realized their maturity.