At this time I am a college junior, majoring in physics. I've been giving serious consideration to the nuclear power industry because of the expected growth that everyone has been promising me.
It seems to me that the NUPOC program I may be applying for offers further job security in an unsure economy. I've qualified for instructor as well as submarine/surface.
To be frank, I am interested in making as much money as I can after college. If I plan on entering the nuclear industry to do so, should I
A) Become an instructor,
B) Become a surface/sub officer or,
C) Skip the NAVY, go straight into nuclear power?
...coming from the Navy essentially puts you on a fast track to SRO and six figures.
Is there a major difference in marketability between instructors and operators, post service?
This question is a very common one and you'll get the whole spectrum of replies if you follow your thread long enough. However, I'll try to give you "food for thought" based on your posting.
Why Physics? While there are no absolutes in what people do after getting a certain degree, you'll obviously have a "technical 4 year degree" where some employers aren't interested the specialty. Others, (e.g., DOE Labs) will expect you (as a Physicist) to get a PhD before you're taken seriously as a professional. Others in the commercial world are looking specifically for degreed and professional Engineers.
Navy. I normally reserve this "opinion" (based on 20+ years in the NNPP) but I've had a few cups of coffee already this morning. At boot camp, there was a sign on my rating assignment officers desk that went something like: Army stays on land, Air Force flies, you...have joined the Navy and the Navy goes out to sea. You'll read ad nauseum about the horror stories of going to sea...and yes, it can suck to be blunt (especially at Christmas time when you're at sea). However, the Navy does a pretty good job of taking "kids" (term used lightly), knocking them out of Mom's arms and their self-contained comfort zone, and finishing the job that mainstream society is lacking in 2010: it helps you finish growing up. I don't know you at all, but that is what it did for me.
Navy OOD vs Navy Instructor. We need good teachers. First grade, commercial initial licensing instructors, commercial requal instructors, NNPP NPS instructors, Prototype Staff Pick-ups, etc, etc. Are you asking if you should be a "career instructor"? While all are very worthwhile, very noble aspirations, they're essentially support functions. How does that compare to you, as a future Nuclear Officer having completed EOOW quals with a few years of experience, standing OOD on the bridge of a submarine...responsible for a $2B machine (and its crew) as you're directing the actions on a maneuvering watch coming back into port after a long deployment? Which do you think pays more dividends...direct and indirect over the course of a career?
It comes down to personal desire. If you have a family, don't want to go to sea, love teaching (and don't mind the commensurate salary that is attached), then be an Instructor. You're needed. Just don't expect large promotions from an Instructor Billet. In the Navy, sea time = experience, which is needed and expected more as you promote. If the thought of Sea Duty is a nightmare to you, AND...you have a energetic drive for Nuclear Power, then jump to Commercial (but don't expect to make 6 figures straight out of college...unless you're following in Bill Gates' unorthodox footsteps).
Finally, there are no personal guarantees for you in NUPOC, the Navy, Commercial, etc. You're NOT guaranteed to be hired as an SRO just because you were in the NNPP. If you give 150%, you can make anything work that you've described. If you're looking for the "path of least resistance to a 6-figure income", then my opinion is that you'll be disappointed. What worked for me is picked the hardest job the other people didn't want, maybe in locations that weren't always desired and I gave it my all. If you read a few of Brian Tracy's books on Goals, you'll find his secret to success is also stated by taking on responsibilities that you're not sure you're ready for, that make you a bit uneasy inside. If you pick a goal that you KNOW you can do and think it'll be a "piece of cake", then how much growth are you going to get?
Pick the answer that makes you a bit uneasy, and then kick it's butt. THAT is the secret.