Most of your questions can be answered if you look around the forums long enough.
I am going through MEPS in a few days. From what I understand, by the end of the entire process I will be signing my contract for the Navy.
Yes, you will sign a provisional contract to enter into the DEP (Delayed Entry Program), with an expected ship date. On your ship date you will revisit MEPS for a quick physical, drug test, oath swearing, etc and then off to Great Lakes you go.
I have already qualified for the Nuke program by my AFQT and ASVAB scores. I'm looking to go to boot camp pretty quick. How long is it usually until you shipped off to Great Lakes?
Unfortunately, your ship date probably isn't going to be "pretty quick". The Navy has been flooded with qualified applicants since the recession and they only have a limited number of seats available at nuke school. You're probably looking at somewhere in the neighborhood of 9-12 months in DEP. It may be possible to change your ship date if an earlier spot becomes available (although I hear you need to act fast, they're usually snapped up within 24 hours)
Also, after completing boot camp, do I go straight to SC?
Yup. Some people are on the plane to Charleston within hours of graduation.
while in Charleston, what do I get to bring with me to have in my "dorm" or whatever it's called at A school and so forth (Laptop, TV, 360, etc.).
"If it wasn't issued to you, you don't need it." It's called a barracks room, although it resembles a dorm. You can pretty much have whatever you want in your dorm room as long as you don't violate the rules (and there are a lot of them). They basically say:
-Don't permanently alter the room in any way (including putting holes in the walls)
-Don't burn anything (incense, candles, flamethrowers, etc)
-Don't make excessive noise
-Don't present a health hazard
-Don't present a fire hazard
-Don't do anything irresponsible
If you want a TV/360/Laptop, buy one in South Carolina (or have it shipped from home after you arrive).
Also, is it necessary for me to deal with bring my vehicle all the way from TX to SC?
I brought my vehicle from TX to SC when I was on grad leave from A-school. Whatsa matta? You 'fraid of the interstate highway or sumthin'?
Finally, is school 7 days a week? I read that its from 0700 to 1300 every day with mandatory study sessions after that depending on grades and/or you messed something up.
School is 5 days a week, Monday thru Friday 0700 to 1600 with an hour break for lunch. Night study is usually required each night preceding a school day. Here's a posting about daily life in nuke school.
http://www.nukeworker.com/forum/index.php/topic,18195.msg104544.html#msg104544